Terraforming is the process of re-creating an environment suitable for life on an initially nonviable planet.

Mars

The terraforming of Mars was approved in ca.2030 by UNOMA. It would come to be completed less than two centuries later, exceeding many conservative expectations.

Several terraforming techniques were used in tandem.

Solar irradiation

Solar irradiation was increased with the use of the sails of Earth-to-Mars ships as mirrors.

The soletta increased irradiation dramatically.

Heat

Residual heat from power generation, such as nuclear power plants, and industrial processes was released to the atmosphere.

Moholes served as heat generators through natural pressure and ventilation.

Coupled with the soletta, the aerial lens focused light and heat on specific spots.

Atmospheric chemistry

Greenhouse gases were released in the atmosphere. Of particular effect was the so-called Russell cocktail.

Water cycle

Aquifers were identified and their water was progressively pumped to the surface.

Biomass

The most important element of the terraforming process.

Beyond Mars

Following the colonization of the solar system during the Accelerando, terraforming projects developed around many planets and moons. As of the end of the 22nd century:

• Venus's terraforming project was ambitious and extending over a very long time period.
• The Jovian system counted 18 moons being terraformed.
• Saturn's moon Enceladus was being trraformed.